Otto von eoden



(No Model.)

0. VON RUBEN.

APPARATUS FOR OONDENSING AND GARBONATING MILK. NO. 376,496. Patented Jan. 17, 1888.

V By v Jiforzwy I A UNITED STATES PATENT Prion.

OTTO VON RODEN, OF NEl/V YORK, Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE VON RODEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING A ND CARBONATING MILK.

SPECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 376,496, dated January 1'7, 1888;

Application filed December 12,1885. Serial No. 185,527. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OTTO VON RoDEN, formerly of Hamburg, Germany, but now of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in Apparatus for Preparing Milk, &c., with Carbonic Acid, of which the following is a specification.

Theobject of this invention is to provide a new and useful apparatus intended for the preparation of milk charged with carbonicacid gas; and it comprises certain novel combinations of parts whereby provision is made for heating the milk for partially concentrating the same by removal of aqueous vapor and for charging the same with carbonic-acid gas.

Figure 1 is a side view and a partial vertical sectional view showing the construction and illustrating the operation of my said invention. Fig. 2 isa detail view, on a larger scale, of one part of the apparatus.

A is a vacuum-pan of suitable construction,

' and which may be provided with a glass window, a, through which the contents thereof can be inspected, and also with a thermometer or thermostat, b, of any suitable construction, by which the temperature within the vacuum can be readily ascertained. The vacuum-pan is heated by any ordinary or suitable means-as, for example, by the coil of steampipes O.

D is an outer shell or jacket attached to the vacuum-pan A,with aspace, a, between,within which space is placed the coil of heating-pipes O aforesaid. An inlet-pipe, E, havingasuitable cock, b, is arranged to introduce cold water or other refrigerant into the space a when required, as hereinafter explained.

At a is an outlet, which is provided with a suitable cock, whereby, when desired, the cold water or refrigerant is permitted to flow or circulate through the space a. applied as to enable the water or refrigerant to be entirely withdrawn from the space a when required. A pipe, E, is provided, if desired, with a cock, 9, which connects the vacuum-pan A with the air pump F, by means of which the vacuum or partial vacuum is maintained in the vacuum-pan.

G is a strong vessel or receiver of any ordinary or suitable construction, and which has.

A cock, f, is soa suitable cock, r. The receiver G connects by means of the pipe'H, having a suitable cock, h, with the bottom of the vacuum-pan A.

I is a pipe which extends from the vacuumpan and is continuous with an outletpipe, K, which is provided with a suitable cock, is, the pipe I being also provided with a suitable cock, as at t. The pipe K connects with any suitable source for the supply of carbonic-acid gas-as, for example, with a generator, R, which may be substantially the same as the generators which are in common use for the manufacture of carbonic-acid gas for various purposes in the arts.

The pipes I and K connect with the pipe H byapipe, L, which has acock, m, and which is connected with the pipe H, as follows: In the pipe H is a hollow bulb or chamber, a. The end of the pipe L is passed through the side of this bulb n, and is turned to aposition which should be parallel or coincident with the axis of said bulb or with that of the pipe H. This extremity of the pipe L is constructed to form anejector-nozzle having a fine or narrow orifice through which on occasion the carbonic-acid gas issues at a high velocity and with great force, so as to carry with it the milk or other liquid simultaneously admitted to the bulb from the pan A to the receiver G.

The carbonic-acid gas is thus brought into contact under pressure with the milk when the same is in a sprayed or minutely-divided condition, thereby effectually charging the milk with the gas. The receiver G is provided with a suitable cock, 1*, by means of which carbonic acid is admitted to or shut off from the pipe H.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The milk to be treated and incidentally partially concentrated and to be charged with carbonic-acid gas is introduced into the vacuum-pan A through any suitable inlet, which is afterward closed in any ordinary or suitable manner. It is preferred that the vacuum-pan be filled to about two-thirds of its capacity. The cockst' and h being closed, the vacuumpan, by means of the steam-pipes O or other suitable means, is heated so as to raise the milk to a temperature, say, of 180 Fahrenheit, and the air-pump F being meanwhile kept in operation to remove the vapors as fast as generated within the vacuum-pan, the contents of the latter are gradually and to some extent concentrated, this being continued for, say, a pe' riod of fifteen minutes, the object being to expel the air from the milk, so that its presence may not create fermentation or change. The concentration (to some extent) of the milk, although tending to give a stronger and richer product, is a mere incident to the heating and results just described. When this heating has been accomplished and the elimination of the air has been secured, the cocks z and 7c are opened,while the cocks in and h are closed, to insure the passage of the carbonic-acid gas through the pipe I into the upper part of the vacuum-pan above the contents thereof to ex' elude air from contact with the contents of the vacuum-pan. This done, the cock 9 is closed and the heat is increased until the contents of the vacuum-pan are heated to a temperature of, say, 220 Fahrenheit, which temperature may be maintained for, say, about one hour, the object of this heating being to heat the milk to a temperature sufficient to destroy the germs contained in the milk, and which otherwise would tend to produce putrefactive fermentation. Steam is then turned off from the steam-pipes O in order to cease heating the vacuum-pan; or if other means of heating the latter are used the same are temporarily rendered inoperative in any suitable manner. The vacuum-pan is then cooled either by the admission of water or other refrigerant from the pipe E, as hereinbefore explained, or by any other appropriate means, this cooling being continued until the temperature of the contents of the vacuum-pan is reduced to 100 Fahrenheit, or thereabout. This done, the cooks k and h and m are opened, and the cock 1- being opened the contents of the vacuum-pan A are ejected through the pipe H to the hollow bulb or chamber it toward the receiver G, simulta neous with which the carbonic acid, under pressure from the generator R, passes through and from the nozzle w, and dividing the milk into spray charges the same and conveys it so charged into the receiver G, as hereinbefore explained.

Referring to the separate operations of expelling the air from the milk and of destroying the germs of fermentation therein, I find that the first operation must be effected immediately after the air has been expelled from the milk and from its containing-chamber. I find that the second or highest temperature must be efleeted after the gas has been admitted into the n1ilk-containing chamber. I find that a heat high enough to destroy the fermentinggerm in the milk, if used under the condition of a vacuum in the chamber, would change the color of the milk by acting upon the milk-sugar so as to discolor the milk. I find that to charge the milk into the receiver under this highest degree of heat would act to prevent that intimate relation of the gas and milk which is necessary to cause the gas to be retained in the milk, and hence it is of the highest importanee that the milk be cooled before it passes the ejector to fix the gas in the milk.

In the charging operation the pressure is equal in the preparingycssel at the point of ejectment and mixing and in the receiver to the pressure in the generator, so that the pressure in the generator serves to displace the prepared milk from its containing-vessel, and as the means of ejecting and mixing the milk and gas after it has been discharged from the preparing-vessel. It is important, therefore, that the pipes E and I connect with the vessel A above the level of the milk therein, that the pipe H connect with the bottom of said vessel, and that the pipe I be connected to the pipe II by an ejector-pipe at a point between the receiver and the milk-containing vessel, so as to utilize the two pressures from the same source.

Vhen desired, sugar or other sweetening substance may be added to the milk, together with any desired flavoring material.

For the purposes of this application for Letters Patent I do not claim the process or processes of treating milk, &c., hereinbefore described, for the reason that I claim the said process in a separate and distinct application for Letters Patent filed November 23, 1885, under Serial No. 185,526.

\Vhat I claim as my invention is- 1. The combination ofa vacunmpan, A, a receiver, G, a generator or source of supply for carbonic acid gas under pressure, a pipe, II, having a bull) or chamber, a, and connecting the receiver with the pan, and an ejectornozzle, 10, arranged within the bulb or chamber n and connected by a pipe with the generator or source of carbonic-acid supply, all substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

2. In apparatus for preserving and charging milk with carbonic acid gas, the vessel A, provided with a bottom shell or jacket having inlet and outlet pipes for heating the milkcontaining chamber, a coil of pipe within said shell entering and leaving it for cooling said chamber, a pipe connecting the top of said chamber, a pipe connecting the bottom of said chamber, and anintermediatepipe connecting with said bottom pipe, in combination with the air-pump, the receiver, and the generator, each separately connected with said pipes,and the ejector w, constituting a part of and arranged at the junction of the pipes which connect the vacuum-vessel with the generator and with the receiver, substantially as described.

3. The herein -described combination of parts, constituting an improved apparatus for preserving and charging milk with carbonicacid gas, said parts consisting of the vacuumvessel A, having thejacket D, the coil of pipe 0, placed within said jacket for heating said vessel, the generator R, the pipes I K,connecting the chambers of said vacuum-vessel and generator, the air-pump F, connecting the upper part of the chamber of said vessel, the re- ICC ceiver G, its pipe H, having the bulb n, and the pipe L,connecting thepipes I and H, and terminating in the latter in an ejector, w, the said pipes having the cooks shown and described. 4. In apparatus for preserving and charging milk with carbonic-acid gas, the combination, with the milk-containing vessel provided with coils and jacket for both heating and cooling the same, of athermometer, the airpump and its pipe E, the generator and its pipes I K, the receiver and its pipe H, and the pipeL, branching from the pipeIand terminating in the pipe H in an ejector at a point between the treating-vessel and the reeeiver, the several parts having the precise 1 relation shown and described.

5. The combination ofa vacuum-pan, a gen erator, R, for supplying carbonic acid gas under pressure, a receiver, G, pipe H, having bulb or chamber n, and an ejector-nozzle, w, 20

connected with the generator, all substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

OTTO VON RODEN.

Witnesses:

CHARLES MAoINNEs, CLARENCE R. GONGER. 

